Wrinkled, rippled and crumpled graphene: an overview of formation mechanism, electronic properties, and applications

Distinctive from their 1D and 0D counterparts, 2D nanomaterials (2DNs) exhibit surface corrugations\n(wrinkles and ripples) and crumples. Thermal vibrations, edge instabilities, thermodynamically\nunstable (interatomic) interactions, strain in 2D crystals, thermal contraction, dislocations, solvent\ntrapping, pre-strained substrate-relaxation, surface anchorage and high solvent surface tension during\ntransfer cause wrinkles or ripples to form on graphene. These corrugations on graphene can modify its\nelectronic structure, create polarized carrier puddles, induce pseudomagnetic field in bilayers and alter\nsurface properties. This review outlines the different mechanisms of wrinkle, ripple and…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: CMMI-1054877, CMMI-1030963, CMMI-0939523
• UO
  University of Illinois at Chicago