Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

Background There is little evidence supporting current safety recommendations for adolescent pitchers. Hypothesis Pitching practices of adolescent pitchers without history of arm injury will be significantly different from those of adolescent pitchers who required shoulder or elbow surgery. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Ninety-five adolescent pitchers who had shoulder or elbow surgery and 45 adolescent pitchers who never had a significant pitching-related injury completed a survey. Responses were compared between the 2 groups using t tests and analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify the risk factors. Results The injured group pitched…