Thermal Stability and Reducibility of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Surfaces: A Quantitative High-Resolution XPS and TPD/TPR Study

The thermal stability and the reducibility of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of nitric acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied using temperature-programmed desorption and reduction (TPD and TPR) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal treatments up to 720 °C were carried out in the XPS setup, either under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in diluted hydrogen. Deconvoluted XP spectra were used for the quantitative determination of the amount of the different functional groups on the CNT surfaces as a function of the pretreatment. The number of the oxygen atoms per unit surface area was obtained from the oxygen to carbon (O/C) ratio derived…