The De Jong Gierveld short scales for emotional and social loneliness: tested on data from 7 countries in the UN generations and gender surveys

Loneliness concerns the subjective evaluation of the situation individuals are involved in, characterized either by a number of relationships with friends and colleagues which is smaller than is considered desirable (social loneliness), as well as situations where the intimacy in confidant relationships one wishes for has not been realized (emotional loneliness). To identify people who are lonely direct questions are not sufficient; loneliness scales are preferred. In this article, the quality of the three-item scale for emotional loneliness and the three-item scale for social loneliness has been investigated for use in the following countries participating in the United Nations "Generations and Gender…

• UV
  Universiteit van Amsterdam
• UU
  Universiteit Utrecht
• NO
  Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

  Award: 480-10-009
• UV
  Universiteit van Tilburg

  Award: 480-10-009
• NI
  Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut