Irreversible motor impairment in young addicts ? ephedrone, manganism or both?

Parkinsonian syndrome related to intravenous use of a "designer" psychostimulant, derived from pseudoephedrine using potassium permanganate as the oxidant, has been observed in drug addicts in Estonia.

To describe the symptomatology of four young patients, history of drug administration and chemical analysis of a drug batch.