Lab on upconversion nanoparticles: optical properties and applications engineering via designed nanostructure

Over the past decade, high-quality lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been successfully synthesized with the rapid development of nanotechnology. Due to the unique electron configuration of lanthanide ions, there are rich energy level structures in the near-infrared, visible and ultraviolet spectral range. However, for UCNPs, only a limited number of efficient upconversion excitation and emission have been generated due to the limited number of sensitizer (Yb(3+)) and activator (Tm(3+), Er(3+), and Ho(3+)) ions, and the application is mainly focused on the bio-imaging by using the upconversion luminescence of UCNPs. Recently, more and more researchers have started to focus on tuning of…