Effect of Annealing Temperature on Film Morphology of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Pervoskite Solid‐State Solar Cells

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted attention as successful light harvesting materials for mesoscopic solid‐state solar cells and led to record breaking efficiencies. The photovoltaic performance of these devices is greatly dependent on the film morphology, which in turn is dependent on the deposition techniques and subsequent treatments employed. In this work the perovskite film is deposited by spin‐coating a precursor solution of PbCl 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I (1 to 3 molar ratio) in dimethylformamide. Here, the role of the temperature used in the annealing process required to convert the as deposited solution into the perovskite material is investigated. It is found that the conversion requires…