Predicting depressive symptoms with a new measure of shame: The Experience of Shame Scale

To investigate whether previous findings from interview studies of a prospective relationship between shame and psychopathology (e.g. Andrews, 1995) could be replicated using questionnaires.

A total of 163 university students participated in a longitudinal questionnaire study. METHOD: The Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), a questionnaire based on a previous interview measure, and an established shame scale (TOSCA), were considered in their relation to depressive symptoms assessed at two time points 11 weeks apart.