articlePhysical Review EMay 16, 2007BRONZE OA

Fluctuation theorems: Work is not an observable

PTPeter TalknerELEric LutzPHPeter Hänggi

University of Augsburg

PubMed
Indexed inarxivcrossrefpubmed

Abstract

The characteristic function of the work performed by an external time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A similar expression is obtained for the averaged exponential work which is related to the free energy difference of equilibrium systems by the Jarzynski work theorem.

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Observable
  • Hamiltonian (control theory)
  • Fluctuation theorem
  • Exponential function
  • Work (physics)
  • Quantum
  • Hamiltonian system
  • Statistical physics
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Affordable and clean energy
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