articlePsychotherapy ResearchDec 20, 2005Closed access

Development and validation of a revised short version of the working alliance inventory

RLRobert L. HatcherJAJ. Arthur Gillaspy

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor · University of Michigan–Flint · +1 more institution

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Abstract

The Working Alliance Inventory (WAI; Horvath & Greenberg, Citation1989) and the Working Alliance Inventory–Short (WAI-S; Tracey & Kokotovic, Citation1989) are widely used measures of alliance in therapy. This study evaluated the factor structure of the WAI and WAI-S with confirmatory factor analysis in two relatively large samples (Ns = 231 and 235). The hypothesized structures were not confirmed. An alternative 12-item WAI (WAI-SR), consistent with Bordin's (Citation1979) model of alliance, was developed in one sample and cross-validated in the other. The WAI-SR better differentiated Goal, Task, and Bond alliance dimensions and correlated well with other alliance measures. The Task dimension was particularly…

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Alliance
  • Psychology
  • Confirmatory factor analysis
  • Humanities
  • Political science
  • Art
  • Statistics
  • Structural equation modeling
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Partnerships for the goals
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