Diversity of structure, morphology and wetting of plant surfaces

This review paper presents the diversity of plant surface structures from a single cell to multi-cellular surface sculptures. There is still no comprehensive book which provides an overview of the diversity of plant surface structures. This article presents a guide for the description of cellular and sub-cellular plant surface structures, which include hairs, wax crystals and surface folding. Biological surfaces are multifunctional boundary layers to their environment. Functionally optimized surfaces are one of the key innovations in the more than 400 million years of evolution of land plants. In the plant surface, micro- and nanostructures play a special role, and a large diversity of surface structures…