The Origin of the High Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)−Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT−PSS) Plastic Electrodes

The development of printed and flexible (opto)electronics requires specific materials for the device's electrodes. Those materials must satisfy a combination of properties. They must be electrically conducting, transparent, printable, and flexible. The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)− poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT−PSS) is known as a promising candidate. Its conductivity can be increased by 3 orders of magnitude by the secondary dopant diethylene glycol (DEG). This “secondary doping” phenomenon is clarified in a combined photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy investigation. PEDOT−PSS appears to form a three-dimensional conducting network explaining the improvement of its…