articleJournal of democracyApr 1, 2002Closed access

Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation

ASAndreas Schedler
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Abstract

The idea of democracy has become so closely identified with elections that we are in danger of forgetting that the modern history of representative elections is a tale of authoritarian manipulations as much as it is a saga of democratic triumphs. Historically, in other words, elections have been an instrument of authoritarian control as well as a means of democratic governance.

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Authoritarianism
  • Democracy
  • Forgetting
  • Democratic governance
  • Corporate governance
  • Political science
  • Political economy
  • Control (management)
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Peace, Justice and strong institutions
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