Radiographic Analysis of the Sagittal Alignment and Balance of the Spine in Asymptomatic Subjects

There is an increasing recognition of the clinical importance of the sagittal plane alignment of the spine. A prospective study of several radiographic parameters of the sagittal profile of the spine was conducted to determine the physiological values of these parameters, to calculate the variations of these parameters according to epidemiological and morphological data, and to study the relationships among all of these parameters.

Sagittal radiographs of the head, spine, and pelvis of 300 asymptomatic volunteers, made with the subject standing, were evaluated. The following parameters were measured: lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, T9 sagittal offset, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, intervertebral angulation, and vertebral wedging angle from T9 to S1. The radiographs were digitized, and all measurements were performed with use of a software program. Two different analyses, a descriptive analysis characterizing these parameters and a multivariate analysis, were performed in order to study the relationships among all of them.