Numerical and experimental investigation of flow and scour around a circular pile

The flow around a vertical circular pile exposed to a steady current is studied numerically and experimentally. The numerical model is a three-dimensional model. The model validation was achieved against new experimental data (which include two-component laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) flow measurements and the hot-film bed shear stress measurements, and reported in the present paper) and the data of others, and a $k$ – $\omega $ turbulence model was used for closure. The model does not have a free-surface facility and therefore is applicable only to cases where the Froude number is small ( $\hbox{\it Fr}\,{<}\,O(0.2)$ ). The flow model was used to study the horseshoe vortex and lee-wake vortex flow…