Managing Hyperkalemia Caused by Inhibitors of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System

Hyperkalemia can develop as a result of treatment with angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers. This side effect is most common in patients with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or advanced age. This review explains the pathophysiology and offers clinical guidance for management.