reviewJournal of Applied ToxicologyFeb 14, 2011Closed access

Arsenic: toxicity, oxidative stress and human disease

KJKlaudia JomováZJZita JenisováMFMelánia FeszterováSBStanislav BarošJLJán Líška

Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra · Comenius University Bratislava · +2 more institutions

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid element that is present in air, water and soil. Inorganic arsenic tends to be more toxic than organic arsenic. Examples of methylated organic arsenicals include monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage is a common denominator in arsenic pathogenesis. In addition, arsenic induces morphological changes in the integrity of mitochondria. Cascade mechanisms of free radical formation derived from the superoxide radical, combined with glutathione-depleting agents, increase the sensitivity of cells to arsenic toxicity. When both humans and animals are exposed to arsenic, they experience an increased…

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Chemistry
  • Arsenic toxicity
  • Oxidative stress
  • Arsenic
  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Superoxide dismutase
  • Antioxidant
  • Ascorbic acid
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