A Uniform System for the Annotation of Vertebrate microRNA Genes and the Evolution of the Human microRNAome

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are among the most intensively studied molecules of the past 20 years, determining what is and what is not a miRNA has not been straightforward. Here, we present a uniform system for the annotation and nomenclature of miRNA genes. We show that less than a third of the 1,881 human miRBase entries, and only approximately 16% of the 7,095 metazoan miRBase entries, are robustly supported as miRNA genes. Furthermore, we show that the human repertoire of miRNAs has been shaped by periods of intense miRNA innovation and that mature gene products show a very different tempo and mode of sequence evolution than star products. We establish a new open access database--MirGeneDB (…

• NA
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• IR
  Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
• IR
  Irish Research Council
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: P20GM103423, P20GM103506, P20GM104318
• AR
  Ames Research Center
• HS
  Helse Sør-Øst RHF

  Awards: 2014012, 2014041
• NI
  National Institute of General Medical Sciences

  Awards: P20GM103423, P20GM104318, P20GM103506