4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement

Pulsatile blood flow through the cavities of the heart and great vessels is time-varying and multidirectional. Access to all regions, phases and directions of cardiovascular flows has formerly been limited. Four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has enabled more comprehensive access to such flows, with typical spatial resolution of 1.5×1.5×1.5 - 3×3×3 mm(3), typical temporal resolution of 30-40 ms, and acquisition times in the order of 5 to 25 min. This consensus paper is the work of physicists, physicians and biomedical engineers, active in the development and implementation of 4D Flow CMR, who have repeatedly met to share experience and ideas. The paper aims to assist…

• RS
  Radiological Society of North America
• FI
  Forskningsrådet i Sydöstra Sverige
• RB
  Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
• NI
  National Institute for Health and Care Research
• BH
  British Heart Foundation
• IC
  Imperial College London
• LU
  Linköpings Universitet
• V
  Vetenskapsrådet
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: K25HL119608, NIH K25HL119608
• MR
  Medical Research Council