Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects

This paper considers large N and large T panel data models with unobservable multiple interactive effects. These models are useful for both micro and macro econometric modelings. In earnings studies, for example, workers ’ motivation, persistence, and diligence combined to influence the earnings in addition to the usual argument of innate ability. In macroeconomics, the interactive effects represent unobservable common shocks and their heterogeneous responses over cross sections. Since the interactive effects are allowed to be correlated with the regressors, they are treated as fixed effects parameters to be estimated along with the common slope coefficients. The model is estimated by the least squares method,…