The Herschel -Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)

Graauw, Th. de; Helmich, F.; Phillips, T. G.; Stützki, J.; Caux, E.; Whyborn, N.; Dieleman, P.; Roelfsema, Peter; Aarts, H.; Assendorp, R.; Bachiller, R.; Baechtold, W.; Barcia, A.; Beintema, D. A.; Belitsky, Victor; Benz, A. O.; Bieber, R.; Boogert, A. C. A.; Borys, C.; Bumble, B.; Caïs, Philippe; Caris, Michael; Cerulli‐Irelli, P.; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Cherednichenko, Serguei; Ciechanowicz, M.; Coeur-Joly, O.; Comito, C.; Cros, A.; Jonge, A. de; Lange, G. de; Delforges, B.; Delorme, Y.; Boggende, T. den; Desbat, J.-M.; Diez-González, C.; Giorgio, A. M. Di; Dubbeldam, Luc; Edwards, K.; Eggens, Martin; Erickson, N. R.; Evers, Jaap; Fich, M.; Finn, Timothy; Franke, B.; Gaier, T.; Gál, C.; Gao, J. R.; Gallego, J. D.; Gauffre, S.; Gill, J.; Glenz, S.; Golstein, H.; Goulooze, H.; Gunsing, Theo; Güsten, R.; Hartogh, P.; Hatch, W. A.; Higgins, R.; Honingh, E. C.; Huisman, R.; Jackson, B. D.; Jacobs, H.; Jacobs, K.; Jarchow, C.; Javadi, Hamid; Jellema, Willem; Justen, M.; Karpov, A.; Kasemann, C.; Kawamura, Jonathan H.; Keizer, Geert; Kester, D. J. M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Klein, Th.; Kollberg, E.; Kooi, J.; Kooiman, P.-P.; Kopf, B.; Krause, M.; Krieg, Jean-Michel; Krämer, C.; Kruizenga, Bob; Kühn, Thomas; Laauwen, W. M.; Lai, R.; Larsson, Bengt; LeDuc, H. G.; Leinz, Christian; Lin, R.; Liseau, R.; Liu, S. J.; Loose, Andreas; López-Fernández, I.; Lord, S.; Luinge, W.; Marston, A. P.; Martín‐Pintado, J.; Maestrini, A.; Maiwald, Frank; McCoey, C.; Mehdi, Imran; Megej, A.; Melchior, M.; Meinsma, L.; Merkel, H.; Michalska, M.; Monstein, C.; Moratschke, Damian; Morris, P.; Müller, H. S. P.; Murphy, J. A.; Naber, Albert; Natale, E.; Nowosielski, Witold; Nuzzolo, F.; Olberg, M.; Olbrich, Markus; Orfei, R.; Orleański, P.; Ossenkopf, V.; Peacock, T.; Pearson, J. C.; Péron, I.; Phillip-May, S.; Piazzo, Lorenzo; Planesas, P.; Rataj, M.; Ravera, Laurent; Risacher, C.; Salez, M.; Samoska, Lorene; Saraceno, P.; Schieder, R.; Schlecht, Erich; Schlöder, F.; Schmülling, F.; Schultz, Michael K.; Schüster, K.; Siebertz, O.; Smit, H. G. J.; Szczerba, R.; Shipman, R.; Steinmetz, Erik S.; Stern, J. A.; Stokroos, M.; Teipen, R.; Teyssier, D.; Tils, T.; Trappe, N.; Baaren, C. van; Leeuwen, B. J. van; Stadt, H. van de; Visser, Huib; Wildeman, K.; Wafelbakker, C. K.; Ward, J.; Wesselius, P. R.; Wild, W.; Wulff, Stefanie; Wunsch, Hans-Joachim; Tielens, Xander; Zaal, P.; Zirath, Herbert; Žmuidzinas, J.; Zwart, F.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

articleAstronomy and AstrophysicsJul 1, 2010BRONZE OA

The Herschel -Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)

TDTh. de Graauw FHF. Helmich TGT. G. Phillips JSJ. Stützki ECE. Caux

Leiden University · Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array · +36 more institutions

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Abstract

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480–1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410–1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with…

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Topics & keywords

Topics

Keywords

Physics
Heterodyne (poetry)
Superheterodyne receiver
Bolometer
Local oscillator
Optics
Spectrometer
Intermediate frequency

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