Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates

The most widely used task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses use parametric statistical methods that depend on a variety of assumptions. In this work, we use real resting-state data and a total of 3 million random task group analyses to compute empirical familywise error rates for the fMRI software packages SPM, FSL, and AFNI, as well as a nonparametric permutation method. For a nominal familywise error rate of 5%, the parametric statistical methods are shown to be conservative for voxelwise inference and invalid for clusterwise inference. Our results suggest that the principal cause of the invalid cluster inferences is spatial autocorrelation functions that do not follow the assumed…

• NS
  National Science Foundation
• N
  Nvidia
• V
  Vetenskapsrådet

  Award: 2013-5229
• MC
  McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience
• NB
  NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research