Fifty-Year Trends in Global Ocean Salinities and Their Relationship to Broad-Scale Warming

Abstract Using over 1.6 million profiles of salinity, potential temperature, and neutral density from historical archives and the international Argo Program, this study develops the three-dimensional field of multidecadal linear change for ocean-state properties. The period of analysis extends from 1950 to 2008, taking care to minimize the aliasing associated with the seasonal and major global El Niño–Southern Oscillation modes. Large, robust, and spatially coherent multidecadal linear trends in salinity to 2000-dbar depth are found. Salinity increases at the sea surface are found in evaporation-dominated regions and freshening in precipitation-dominated regions, with the spatial pattern of change strongly…

• WH
  Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• CS
  Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
• UO
  University of Tasmania
• JA
  Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology