The Development of Versatile Methods for Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Electrophiles through the Use of P( t -Bu) 3 and PCy 3 as Ligands

Metal-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl electrophiles with organometallics and with olefins serve as unusually effective tools for forming new carbon-carbon bonds. By 1998, researchers had developed catalysts that achieved reactions of aryl iodides, bromides, and triflates. Nevertheless, many noteworthy challenges remained; among them were couplings of aryl iodides, bromides, and triflates under mild conditions (at room temperature, for example), couplings of hindered reaction partners, and couplings of inexpensive aryl chlorides. This Account highlights some of the progress that has been made in our laboratory over the past decade, largely through the appropriate choice of ligand, in achieving these…