Macrophage phenotypes during tissue repair

Mp are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration but can also contribute to tissue damage and fibrosis. Mp can adopt a variety of functional phenotypes in response to different stimuli; two of the best-characterized in vitro phenotypes are a proinflammatory "M1" phenotype, produced by exposure to IFN-γ and TNF-α, and an anti-inflammatory "M2a" phenotype, produced by IL-4 or IL-13. M2a Mp are frequently termed "wound healing" Mp, as they express factors that are important for tissue repair. This review will summarize current knowledge of Mp phenotypes during tissue repair and will argue that these in vivo Mp populations are heterogeneous and temporally regulated and do not conform to existing, in vitro-defined…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Defense

  Awards: W81XWH, #W81XWH-05-1-0159
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: #R01GM092850, W81XWH, R01GM092850, 2011-03604-00-00
• UO
  University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign