Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis

Metastasis is a crucial hallmark of cancer progression, which involves numerous factors including the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor angiogenesis, the development of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and defects in programmed cell death. Programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, plays crucial roles in metastatic processes. Malignant tumor cells must overcome these various forms of cell death to metastasize. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which key regulators of apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis participate in cancer metastasis and discusses the…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 81460440, 81260322, 81372322
• CP
  China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

  Award: 2013M542478
• KM
  Kunming Medical University
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province
• YP
  Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department