Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem

Abstract. The deep sea, the largest biome on Earth, has a series of characteristics that make this environment both distinct from other marine and land ecosystems and unique for the entire planet. This review describes these patterns and processes, from geological settings to biological processes, biodiversity and biogeographical patterns. It concludes with a brief discussion of current threats from anthropogenic activities to deep-sea habitats and their fauna. Investigations of deep-sea habitats and their fauna began in the late 19th century. In the intervening years, technological developments and stimulating discoveries have promoted deep-sea research and changed our way of understanding life on the planet.…

• NS
  National Science Foundation
• AP
  Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
• SR
  Sight Research UK

  Award: dml010007
• NO
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• NE
  Natural Environment Research Council

  Award: dml010007