Trends in Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Complicating ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the United States

BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the contemporary and potentially changing trends in the incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We queried the 2003-2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients ≥ 40 years of age with STEMI and cardiogenic shock. Overall and age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific trends in incidence of cardiogenic shock, early mechanical revascularization, and intra-aortic balloon pump use, and inhospital mortality were analyzed. From 2003 to 2010, among 1 990 486 patients aged ≥ 40 years with STEMI, 157 892 (7.9%) had cardiogenic shock. The overall incidence…