Nomogram for Preoperative Estimation of Microvascular Invasion Risk in Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Within the Milan Criteria

Importance The presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) decreases surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An accurate preoperative prediction of MVI can help surgeons to better choose surgical procedures, but accuracy is still difficult to achieve. Objective To develop a nomogram to predict MVI presence before liver resection for hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related HCC within the Milan criteria (solitary nodule ≤5 cm; ≤3 nodules, none >3 cm; and no macrovascular invasion). Design, Setting, and Participants Data on 1004 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for HBV-related HCC within the Milan criteria at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital between April 6, 2004, and February 22,…