Reverse innovation, emerging markets, and global strategy

Abstract ‘Reverse innovation’ refers to the case where an innovation is adopted first in poor (emerging) economies before ‘trickling up’ to rich countries. Although examples of reverse innovation are still rare, it raises interesting theoretical questions, such as what kinds of innovation emerging economies are likely to spawn, why such innovations might diffuse to rich countries, what competitive advantages local and foreign firms enjoy in this process, and how it affects the global strategy and organization of established MNEs. Research on reverse innovation can enrich and extend mainstream theories of innovation, internationalization, MNE management, and FDI spillovers.