Intensive Glycemic Control and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: Implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials

Diabetes is defined by its association with hyperglycemia-specific microvascular complications; however, it also imparts a two- to fourfold risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although microvascular complications can lead to significant morbidity and premature mortality, by far the greatest cause of death in people with diabetes is CVD. Results from randomized controlled trials have demonstrated conclusively that the risk of microvascular complications can be reduced by intensive glycemic control in patients with type 1 (1,2) and type 2 diabetes (3–5). In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), there was an ∼60% reduction in development or progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and…

• BS
  Bristol-Myers Squibb
• EL
  Eli Lilly and Company
• P
  Pfizer
• AP
  Amylin Pharmaceuticals
• S
  Sanofi
• EL
  Edwards Lifesciences
• OT
  Osiris Therapeutics
• IC
  Insulet Corporation
• MC
  MannKind Corporation
• H
  Halozyme
• D
  Dexcom
• TD
  Tandem Diabetes Care
• D
  Daiichi-Sankyo
• NN
  Novo Nordisk
• PP
  Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
• DS
  Daiichi Sankyo Company