Observations, inferences, and mechanisms of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A review

Abstract This is a review about the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), its mean structure, temporal variability, controlling mechanisms, and role in the coupled climate system. The AMOC plays a central role in climate through its heat and freshwater transports. Northward ocean heat transport achieved by the AMOC is responsible for the relative warmth of the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere and is thought to play a role in setting the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone north of the equator. The AMOC is a key means by which heat anomalies are sequestered into the ocean's interior and thus modulates the trajectory of climate change. Fluctuations in the AMOC…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: 1338427, NA14OAR4310160
• NA
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  Awards: NNX14AM19G, NA14OAR4310160
• NO
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

  Awards: NA150AR4310100, NA14OAR4310160, NA09OAR4310058, NA13OAR4310134, NA10OAR4310199