Differential geometry of curves and surfaces

Differential geometry refers to the study of geometric properties using the basic tools of differential and integral calculus. Differentiation is primarily concerned with determining a given function's rate of change, while integration is essentially used to determine displacement. Differential geometry of curves and surfaces appears in a broad variety of engineering and computer science areas, including signal and image processing, computer vision, computer graphics, and computer-aided design [5,49–53]. In image processing, for example, geometric methods are used extensively in a bevy of imaging applications, particularly in image enhancement, segmentation, compression, watermarking, inpainting, and…