The state of understanding of the lithium-ion-battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relationship to formation cycling

An in-depth historical and current review is presented on the science of lithium-ion battery (LIB) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the graphite anode, including structure, morphology, composition, electrochemistry, and formation mechanism. During initial LIB operation, the SEI layer forms on the graphite surfaces, the most common anode material. The SEI is essential to the long-term performance of LIBs, and it also has an impact on its initial capacity loss, self-discharge characteristics, rate capability, and safety. While the presence of the anode SEI is vital, it is difficult to control its formation and growth, as they depend on several factors. These factors include the type of graphite,…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy
• B
  Battelle

  Award: DE-AC05-00OR22725
• OO
  Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

  Award: DE-AC05-00OR22725
• VT
  Vehicle Technologies Office

  Award: DE-AC05-00OR22725
• OR
  Oak Ridge National Laboratory