articleScienceJul 7, 2016GREEN OA

Phototactic guidance of a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray

Harvard University · Stanford University · +3 more institutions

PubMed
Indexed incrossrefpubmed

Abstract

Inspired by the relatively simple morphological blueprint provided by batoid fish such as stingrays and skates, we created a biohybrid system that enables an artificial animal--a tissue-engineered ray--to swim and phototactically follow a light cue. By patterning dissociated rat cardiomyocytes on an elastomeric body enclosing a microfabricated gold skeleton, we replicated fish morphology at 1/10 scale and captured basic fin deflection patterns of batoid fish. Optogenetics allows for phototactic guidance, steering, and turning maneuvers. Optical stimulation induced sequential muscle activation via serpentine-patterned muscle circuits, leading to coordinated undulatory swimming. The speed and direction of the…

Citation impact

713
total citations
FWCI
62.24
Percentile
100%
References
43
Citations per year

Authors

23

Topics & keywords

Keywords
  • Fish <Actinopterygii>
  • Skeleton (computer programming)
  • Light source
  • Anatomy
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Computer science
  • Biology
  • Physics
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Life below water
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