Vitamin Deficiency and Excess

Abstract Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients that are vital for numerous physiological processes. This chapter outlines the repercussions associated with deficiencies or overconsumption of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12) and vitamin C, along with fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K and minerals such as zinc and copper. Maintaining a delicate equilibrium of these vitamins and minerals is critical for optimal health. Deficiencies can lead to various disorders, whereas excess intake may result in adverse effects. Thus, ensuring a balanced intake of minerals and A, B, C, D, and E vitamins is paramount for supporting the body’s physiological functions and maintaining health.