Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering

Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800 sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our understanding of chloroplast biology, intracellular gene transfer, conservation, diversity, and the genetic basis by which chloroplast transgenes can be engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or to produce high-value agricultural or biomedical products. In this review, we discuss the impact of chloroplast genome sequences on understanding the origins of economically important cultivated species and changes that have taken place during domestication. We also discuss the potential biotechnological applications of chloroplast genomes.

• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy
• BA
  Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

  Award: OPP1031406
• NN
  Novo Nordisk
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: EY 024564, HL 109442, R01 HL107904, HL107904, HL109442
• AR
  Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy
• AR
  Advanced Research Projects Agency
• NH
  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

  Award: 107904