Lead‐Free Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives

) have recently emerged as novel active materials for photovoltaic applications with power conversion efficiency over 22%. Conventional perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, suffer the issue that lead is toxic to the environment and organisms for a long time and is hard to excrete from the body. Therefore, it is imperative to find environmentally-friendly metal ions to replace lead for the further development of PSCs. Previous work has demonstrated that Sn, Ge, Cu, Bi, and Sb ions could be used as alternative ions in perovskite configurations to form a new environmentally-friendly lead-free perovskite structure. Here, we review recent progress on lead-free PSCs in terms of the theoretical insight and…

• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

  Awards: 55135039, 55135040
• NT
  Nanjing Tech University

  Awards: 3983500151, 3983500160, ZKRC201514