White light‐emitting diodes: History, progress, and future
Jeonbuk National University · Pohang University of Science and Technology · +1 more institution
Abstract
Abstract About twenty years ago, in the autumn of 1996, the first white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were offered for sale. These then‐new devices ushered in a new era in lighting by displacing lower‐efficiency conventional light sources including Edison's venerable incandescent lamp as well as the Hg‐discharge‐based fluorescent lamp. We review the history of the conception, improvement, and commercialization of the white LED. Early models of white LEDs already exceeded the efficiency of low‐wattage incandescent lamps, and extraordinary progress has been made during the last 20 years. The review also includes a discussion of advances in blue LED chips, device architecture, light extraction, and phosphors.…
Citation impact
- FWCI
- 44.29
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 93
Authors
4Topics & keywords
- Incandescent light bulb
- Light-emitting diode
- White light
- Diode
- Phosphor
- Optoelectronics
- Commercialization
- White (mutation)
- Affordable and clean energy