reviewEuropean Journal of ImmunologyApr 10, 2017BRONZE OA

Immune checkpoints and their inhibition in cancer and infectious diseases

LDLydia DyckKHKingston H. G. Mills

Trinity College Dublin

PubMed
Indexed incrossrefpubmed

Abstract

The development of chronic infections and cancer is facilitated by a variety of immune subversion mechanisms, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules, including CTLA-4 and PD-1. CTLA-4, expressed on T cells, interacts with CD80/CD86, thereby limiting T-cell activation and leading to anergy. PD-1 is predominantly expressed on T cells and its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and tumors sends a negative signal to T cells, which can lead to T-cell exhaustion. Given their role in suppressing effector T-cell responses, immune checkpoints are being targeted for the…

Citation impact

537
total citations
FWCI
22.17
Percentile
100%
References
168
Citations per year

Authors

2

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Immunology
  • Biology
  • Immune system
  • CD80
  • T cell
  • Cancer
  • CTLA-4
  • Cancer research
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Good health and well-being
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