Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide Induces Vascular Inflammation by Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Through the SIRT3‐SOD2‐mtROS Signaling Pathway

Background Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide ( TMAO ) has recently been identified as a novel and independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis through inducing vascular inflammation. However, the exact mechanism is currently unclear. Studies have established a central role of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain–like receptor family pyrin domain–containing 3 ( NLRP 3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation. Here, we examined the potential role of the NLRP 3 inflammasome in TMAO ‐induced vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results Experiments using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, Western blot, and fluorescent probes showed…