The Defining Characteristics of ENSO Extremes and the Strong 2015/2016 El Niño
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere · UNSW Sydney · +6 more institutions
Abstract
Abstract The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long pause since the 1997/1998 extreme El Niño. It was scientifically exciting since, due to the short observational record, our knowledge of an extreme El Niño has been based only on the 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 events. The 2015/2016 El Niño was marked by many environmental disasters that are consistent with what is expected for an extreme El Niño. Considering the dramatic impacts of extreme El Niño, and the risk of a potential increase in frequency of ENSO extremes under greenhouse warming, it is timely to evaluate how the…
Citation impact
- FWCI
- 24.23
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 286
Authors
3- ASAgus SantosoCorresponding
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, UNSW Sydney, Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science
- MJMichael J. McPhaden
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
- WCWenju Cai
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Ocean University of China
Topics & keywords
- El Niño Southern Oscillation
- Climatology
- Multivariate ENSO index
- La Niña
- Environmental science
- Extreme weather
- Climate change
- Global warming
- Climate action