Integration of macromolecular diffraction data

In this chapter the integration of macromolecular diffraction data from two-dimensional area detectors is described. Data integration refers to the process of obtaining estimates of diffracted intensities (and their standard deviations) from the raw images recorded by an X-ray detector. When collecting data, a decision has to be taken about the magnitude of the angular rotation of the crystal during the recording of each image: the rotation per image can be comparable to, or greater than, the angular reflection range of a typical reflection (coarse ϕ slicing), or it can be much less than the reflection width (fine ϕ slicing). The latter approach allows the use of three-dimensional profile fitting and,…