The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: BCS-1460367, BCS-1153568, 1153568, BCS-1032255
• LT
  Leverhulme Trust
• GD
  Generalitat de Catalunya

  Award: SGR2017
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Award: GM100233
• FP
  Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

  Awards: COMPETE, COMPETE 2020, IF/01641/2013, PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4164/2014
• AD
  Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
• ER
  European Regional Development Fund

  Awards: COMPETE, COMPETE 2020, COMPETE2020, HAR2017-86509