Collapse of LiNi 1– x – y Co x Mn y O 2 Lattice at Deep Charge Irrespective of Nickel Content in Lithium-Ion Batteries

(NCM) cathodes, abrupt anisotropic collapse of the layered lattice structure at deep charge is generally considered characteristic to high Ni content and can be effectively suppressed by elemental substitution. Herein, we demonstrate the lattice collapse is a universal phenomenon almost entirely dependent on Li utilization, and not Ni content, of NCM cathodes upon delithiation. With Li removal nearing 80 mol %, very similar c-axis lattice shrinkage of around 5% occurs concurrently for NCMs synthesized in-house regardless of nickel content (90, 70, 50, or 33 mol %); meanwhile, the a-axis lattice contracts for high-Ni NCM, but it expands for low-Ni NCM. We further reveal Co-Mn cosubstitution in NCM barely, if at…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Awards: DE-EE0007762, F-1254, Battery500
• WF
  Welch Foundation

  Award: F-1254
• UO
  University of Texas at Austin
• OO
  Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

  Award: DE-EE0007762
• DO
  Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin
• DO
  Division of Materials Research