First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
Woodwell Climate Research Center · Harvard University · +75 more institutions
Abstract
Abstract We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ∼40 μ as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the “shadow” of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others’ work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared…
Citation impact
- FWCI
- 106.68
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 139
Authors
215- KAKazunori AkiyamaCorresponding
Woodwell Climate Research Center, Harvard University, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- AAA. Alberdi
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
- WAW. Alef
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
- KAKeiichi Asada
Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
- RARebecca Azulay
Universitat de València, Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Topics & keywords
- Supermassive black hole
- Physics
- Shadow (psychology)
- Telescope
- Asymmetry
- Brightness
- Galaxy
- Astrophysics
- Sustainable cities and communities
Funding
- NSNational Science FoundationAwards: AST-1312651, 0114422, 1207704, 11633006, 1144085, grant ACI-1548562, AST-1615796, 1265383, DBI-1743442, 1140030, DGE-1144085, 1743442, DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, 1440254, AST-0705062, PHY-0114422, 1248097, 1310896, 1715061, PLR-1248097, 0096454, 0705062, 11573051, AST-1715061, AST-1716327, ACI-1548562, -1548562, 1548562, 0905844, AST-1207730, 1207730, AST-1207704, AST-1140030, 1125897, 1312651, 1615796, AST-0905844, 1743747, 1228509, AST-1614868, 0735191, 0922984, 11650110427, AST-1337663, MRI-1228509, AFB-170002, AST-0352953, AST-1310896, DBI-0735191, AST-1207752, 89233218CNA000001, PHY-1125897, 1126433, AST-1816420, 11725312, 1816420, OPP-1248097, AST-0922984, 0352953, 1716327, AST-1126433, OISE-1743747, 1207752
- SISmithsonian Institution
- UDU.S. Department of EnergyAwards: ACI-1548562, 89233218CNA000001
- NANational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAwards: 89233218CNA000001, ACI-1548562, 2016YFA0400702, 80NSSC17K0649
- JTJohn Templeton FoundationAwards: 60477, OISE-1743747
- GAGordon and Betty Moore FoundationAwards: GBMF-5278, GBMF 947, GBMF-3561
- KFKavli Foundation
- HUHarvard UniversityAward: 60477
- UOUniversity of ChicagoAward: PHY-1125897
- UOUniversity of ArizonaAward: 1228509
- ISInnovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- CCCompute Canada
- MDMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesAwards: SEV-2017-0709, AYA2016-80889-P
- NRNational Radio Astronomy Observatory
- AUAssociated Universities
- IMInternational Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology
- GOGovernment of Canada
- LTLeverhulme Trust
- ECEuropean CommissionAwards: 610058, SEV-2017-0709, 312496, 275201, 731016
- NRNational Research FoundationAwards: NRF-2015H1D3A1066561, NRF-2015H1A2A1033752
- DODepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- MOMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyAwards: 25120007, 18H01245, JP17J08829
- NNNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaAwards: ACI-1548562, 11873073, 11650110427, U1531245, 31140007, 11633006, 11873028, 11573051, 11725312, 2016YFA0400704, 11721303, 2016YFA0400702
- ASAcademia Sinica
- AOAcademy of FinlandAwards: 274477, 312496, 284495
- CAChinese Academy of SciencesAwards: QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, 2016YFA0400702, 2017YFA0402700, QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008, 11721303
- CNConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaAwards: 279006, 104497, 281692, 275201
- NONederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekAward: 639.043.513
- MDMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadAwards: SEV-2017-0709, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P
- GVGeneralitat ValencianaAwards: APOSTD/2018, APOSTD/2018/177
- NSNuclear Safety and Security Commission
- KIKorea Institute of Science and Technology
- KIKorea Institute of Science and Technology Information
- KAKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
- NRNational Research Foundation of KoreaAwards: 2015H1D3A1066561, NRF-2015H1D3A1066561, 2015-R1D1A1A01056807, NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, ACI-1548562, 2015H1A2A1033752
- MMax-Planck-GesellschaftAward: 2017YFA0402700
- VVetenskapsrådetAward: 2017-00648
- CSChina Scholarship CouncilAward: 2016YFA0400702
- ESEuropean Southern Observatory
- CNCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- UNUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAwards: IN112417, SEV-2017-0709
- NANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan
- RSRussian Science FoundationAward: 17-12-01029
- MDMinistero dello Sviluppo Economico
- ITIran Telecommunication Research Center
- RPRecruitment Program of Global Experts
- INIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- IDInstituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaAward: SEV-2017-0709
- IPInstitut Périmètre de physique théorique
- KRKorea Research Environment Open Network
- TSToray Science Foundation
- NNNational Nuclear Security AdministrationAward: 89233218CNA000001
- NSNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- JSJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceAwards: JP18H03721, JP17J08829, JP18K13594, JP18K03656, 610058, 731016, 18KK0090, 18K03709, 275201, 25120007, 18H01245
- CNComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaAwards: PIA ACT172033, ACT172033, 170002, AFB-170002
- DGDirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAward: IN112417
- NINational Institutes of Natural Sciences
- NKNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaAwards: 2016YFA0400704, 2016YFA0400702, 2017YFA0402700
- NINational Institute of Information and Communications Technology
- OOOffice of International Science and EngineeringAward: 1743747
- LALos Alamos National LaboratoryAwards: Contract 89233218CNA000001, 89233218CNA000001