Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: review and outlook
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne · University of Neuchâtel · +1 more institution
Abstract
Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved performance. This fascinating technology has progressed at a very fast pace in the past 15 years, since its inception in standard CMOS technology in 2003. A host of architectures have been investigated, ranging from simpler implementations, based solely on off-chip data processing, to progressively "smarter" sensors including on-chip, or even pixel level, time-stamping and processing capabilities. As the technology has matured, a range of biophotonics applications have been explored, including (endoscopic) FLIM, (multibeam…
Citation impact
- FWCI
- 85.30
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 181
Authors
5- CBClaudio BruschiniCorresponding
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University of Neuchâtel
- HHHarald Homulle
Delft University of Technology
- IMIvan Michel Antolović
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University of Neuchâtel
- SBSamuel Burri
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University of Neuchâtel
- ECEdoardo Charbon
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University of Neuchâtel
Topics & keywords
- Biophotonics
- Single-photon avalanche diode
- Avalanche photodiode
- Avalanche diode
- Detector
- Optoelectronics
- Photonics
- Physics
- Affordable and clean energy