Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management

Importance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 16th leading cause of years of life lost worldwide. Appropriate screening, diagnosis, and management by primary care clinicians are necessary to prevent adverse CKD-associated outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, end-stage kidney disease, and death. Observations: Defined as a persistent abnormality in kidney structure or function (eg, glomerular filtration rate [GFR]