The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds

, HCl, and organic acids and bases as well as chemical reaction rates. It has implications for the atmospheric lifetime of pollutants, deposition, and human health. Despite its fundamental role in atmospheric processes, only recently has this field seen a growth in the number of studies on particle acidity. Even with this growth, many fine particle pH estimates must be based on thermodynamic model calculations since no operational techniques exist for direct measurements. Current information indicates acidic fine particles are ubiquitous, but observationally-constrained pH estimates are limited in spatial and temporal coverage. Clouds and fogs are also generally acidic, but to a lesser degree than particles,…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: AGS-1254428, NSF-AGS-1650786, CHE-1454763
• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Awards: 76RL01830, AC05-76RL01830, 1852977, DE-AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC05
• UE
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• EC
  European Commission

  Awards: 726165, H2020-EU.1.1, H2020
• NE
  National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China
• H2
  Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

  Awards: H2020-EU.1.1, 726165
• NS
  Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

  Award: RGPIN/04315-2014
• ER
  European Regional Development Fund

  Awards: MIS 5021516, H2020, ERC-2016-COG, 726165
• HE
  HORIZON EUROPE Excellent Science