reviewMolecular CancerNov 6, 2019GOLD OA

Novel immune checkpoint targets: moving beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4

Tongji Hospital · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +3 more institutions

PubMed
Indexed incrossrefdoajpubmed

Abstract

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), mainly including anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), has shaped therapeutic landscape of some type of cancers. Despite some ICIs have manifested compelling clinical effectiveness in certain tumor types, the majority of patients still showed de novo or adaptive resistance. At present, the overall efficiency of immune checkpoint therapy remains unsatisfactory. Exploring additional immune checkpoint molecules is a hot research topic. Recent studies have identified several new immune checkpoint targets, like lymphocyte…

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